Improvement in incubators



J. L. CAMPBELL. Incubator.

No. 217,333. 'Patented July 8,1879.

,/g/:Zh

f L j /V y. e l- U 0. m .d a T N M @La l W H A Q V U f W /f /A o 5,

INVENTOR @/ff/ A TORNEYS.

[Il .L V

lf L..

N PETERS PHOTO LITHOGRAPHER WASHINGTON D C Vf I nUNITED STATES PATENTGEEIGE.

JAMES L. CAMPBELL, OF WEST ELIZABETH, PENNSYLVANIA.

t IMPROVEMENT IN INCUBATORS.

Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 217,333, dated July 8,1879; application iiled March 5, 1879.

' 'To all whom fit may concern:

Be itknown that I, JAMES L. CAMPBELL,

of `Vl/'estElizabeth, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvauia,`have invented a new and useful Improvement in Incubators,

of which the following isa specication. `Figure lis ayertiGallongitudinal section of my` improved incubator. Fig. 2 is across-section of thev same, taken through the broken line m m, Fig. l.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of thesame, taken through the line y y,Fig. 1, the egg-drawer being removed.

Similar letters of reference indicate correspondin g parts.

bottoms, the inlet and outlet Ventilating-pipes,

and the egg-drawerswith each other; and in the combination of the curvediron bar, the rod, the set of connecting-rods, the two groups ofbalanced levers, the two connecting-rods, the lever, and the pivotedplate or valve with the frame and boxes andthe lamp-box, as hereinafterfully described.

A is the outer wooden box, which may be made of any desired size, issupported upon legs B, and has a square hole about ten inches l indiameter *formed in its bottom, to receive the open-topped box G for thelamp D.

- To the box A, one inch above the upper side of its wooden bottom, isattached a sheet-iron bottom, al, which has a hole formed through its scenter to receive the chimneyr of the lamp l).

E is tbe inner wooden box, which is made so much smaller than the outerbox, A, as to leave a space of about an inch between them on all sides,to prevent the temperature of the box from being so easily affected bythe outside temperatura The bottom c of the inner box, E, is made ofsheet-iron or any suitable meta-l, and is heated by the lamp D. Thespace between the two metal plates al c1 will be always full of heatedair, and will thus ecouomize heat. The products of combustion from thelamp `D pass down past the said lamp and out at the bottom of thelamp-box C.

`Air is introduced through inlet-pipes F, which lpass in through theside and rear walls of the boxes A E and terminate just above the centerof the sheet-iron bottom el, so that the cold air will be introduced atthe warmest point, and will be heated before it is distributed throughthe apparatus.

Within the inner box, E, is placed a frame, G, which is provided with asheet-iron bottom, g', so that the hot air can only'pass up around theedges ofthe said bottom gl and along the inner surface of the walls ofthe inner box, E.

The iron bottom or plate gl radiates heat enough to keep the loweregg-drawer, lil, as

l warm as the upper one. Bycausing the heated air to pass up at theoutside of the eggdrawers H the temperature will be kept even. If theheated air were allowed to pass up through the center the outside partswould be too cold.

The frame G is supported upon short feet g2, to form a space between thetwo sheet-metal bottoms g1 el.

H are drawers t0 receive the eggs, which rest and slide upon cleats orbars of the frame G, and which are made to lit snugly into their places,so that the said drawers and frame, `.E[ G, and the walls of the innerbox, E, may form lines, through which the heated air passes up to thetop of the said inner box, E. The upper drawer, H, does not reach quiteto the top of the inner box, E, so, that the heated air may enter theupper drawer and pass down through the said drawers H, which are madewith perforated bottoms for this purpose.

.The heated air escapes through a hole, e2, in the top of the box E intothe space between thc tops of the two boxes E A, and escapesthencethrough the hole a? in the top of the outer box, A.

The heavy foul air sinks to the bottom g1 of the frame G and passes outthrough the pipes I, which pass through the frame G and the walls ofthetwo boxes E A.

To the end parts of the front base-bar of the frame G, or to awooden barsecured to the said front bar, are attached the ends of an iron bar, J,which is slightly curved, and to the center of which is secured the endof a rod, K. The rear end of the rod K is pivoted to the lower end ofalever, L, to the upper part of which is pivoted the end of a rod, M.The forward end of the rod M is pivoted to the lever N.

i To the lower end of the lever N is pivoted the end of a rod, M, therear end of which is pivoted to the lever L1 alittle above its pivot.

To the lower end of the lever L is pivoted the end of a rod, M2, theforward end of which is pivoted to the lever Nl a little above itspivot. To the lower end ofthe lever N is pivoted the end of a rod, M3,the rear end of which is pivoted to the lever L2 a little below itspivot.

The two groups of levers L Ll L2 and N Nl are pivoted by the rods O tothe rear and forward parts of the sides of the box P, which is made openat'top and bottom, and is secured to the middle parts of the front andrear basebars of the frame G.

The middle part of the lower drawer, H, is cut away to form aspace forthe box P. The levers L L1 L2 and N N are all balanced, so that 4theymay be moved with the least possible outlay of power.

To the upper end of the lever L2 is pivoted the end of the rod Q, whichpasses out through the rear sides of the boxes E A, and has ascrew-thread cut upon its outer end.

R is a lever, the upper end of which has an eye formed in it to receivethe outer end of the rod Q, where it is secured in place adjustably bytwo nuts screwed upon the said end of the rod Q, upon the opposite sidesof the end of the said lever R. The lever R is pivoted to a supportattached to the rear side of the box A, and to its lower end is pivotedthe end of a rod, S, the forward end of which is pivoted to the plate T.The plate T is placed in an opening in the rear side of the box C, andis pivoted at the middle part of its side edges to the said box C, so asto serve as a damper or Valve to admit air to the lamp D. To the rearside of the box C are attached stops V to limit the movement of the saidplate.

With this construction slight changes in temperature will expand andcontract the bar J and the rods M, and will thus adjust the plate T toadmit less or more air to the lamp l), to lessen or increase the heat,so that the interior of the incubator will be kept constantly at thesame temperature, and this temperature may be increased or diminished byadjusting the nuts upon the end of they rod Q.

The lamp-box G is closed by a door, V, which fits tightly, except at thebottom, where there is left a small opening, only large enough to admitsufficient air to prevent the lamp from going out should the plate T befully closed.

The front of the boxes A E is closed by a door, W, which fits closelyall around. Upon the bottom g1 of the frame G are placed cups or pans Xof water, to give the necessarymoisture to the air.

The temperature of the interior of the incubator may be ascertained atany time by inspecting the thermometer Y, which should be laid upon theeggs in the upper drawer, H.

To allow this to be done without opening the door W glass plates Z areinserted in openings in the tops of the boxes A E, as shown in Figs. land 2. In this case the glass plate Z in the top of the outer box, A,should be covered by a pivoted or sliding plate, A', to keep out thelight. The outlet-opening,` a2 in the top of the box A is also providedwith a pivoted or sliding plate, Bl, to allow the escape ofthe heatedair to be regulated as may be desired.

I am aware that the sliding door of an incubator has been operated bythe expansion and contraction of a rod having teeth, which mesh with oneof the wheels of a train of gearing, the last one of which meshes with arack attached to the door.

I am also aware that cold air has been automatically admitted to thelire-chamber of a furnace by the expansion and contraction of stripsconnected by a series of levers to the valve of the air-inlet pipe; but

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The incubator formed by the combination of the two boxes A E, havingan air-space between them all around the lamp-box C, the frame G, thethree sheet-metal bottoms al el gl, the Ventilating-pipes F I, and theeggdrawers H with each other, substantially as herein shown anddescribed.

2. The combination of the curved iron bar J, the rod K, the set ofconnecting-rods M, the two groups of levers L N, the screwthreadedconnecting-rod Q, provided with adjusting-nuts, the lever R, theconnecting-rod S, and the pivoted plate or valve T with the frame andboxes G E A and the lamp-box C, substantially as herein shown anddescribed.

JAMES LOGAN CAMPBELL. I

Witnesses ROBERT CAMPBELL, THOMAS McOLEEs.

